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How to synthesize acetanilide from aniline and acetic acid- acetic anhydride mixture? | Whole Procedure | Lab Record PDF

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Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and acetic acid acetic anhydride mixture is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Aniline reacts with acetic anhydride in presence of Acetic acid with zinc dust and forms acetanilide through nucleophilic substitution reaction. The experiment is an example of applications of different purification techniques like recrystallization, filtration etc. Aniline is basic in nature and acetic acid and acetic anhydride are acidic in nature. 



Table of Contents


To synthesise acetanilide from aniline and acetic acid acetic anhydride mixture and report the approximate yield and melting point. 


2. Apparatus required

  • Round bottom flask




  • Suction pump




  • Glass stopper
  • Thermometer
  • Oil bath
  • Beakers
  • Glass rod
  • Glass funnel



3. Procedure


  • First of all we set up a round bottom flask to perform the experiment. 
  • We took 100ml 5:5 glacial acetic acid- acetic anhydride mixture and 50 ml of aniline. 
  • We added 100 ml acetic acid acetic anhydride in the round bottom flask. 
  • Then we added 50 ml aniline into the flask slowly. 
  • After that we closed the flask with a glass stopper and tighten it with using a rubber band and turned on the stirrer. 
  • Then started the circulation of water in condenser and started heating the flask in an oil bath. 
  • The temperature was measured using thermometer to kept oil bath at about 110 degree centigrade.
  • The solution was heated and refluxed for about 2 hours.
  • Then turned off the heat and the warm solution kept aside for sometime.
  • We took ice water in a beaker and directly poured the solution into the ice water.
  • After that we broken down chunks in the bottom using glass rod and filtered the solution using suction pump. 
  • We got a crude acetanilide. Then in order to get pure acetanilide we performed  recrystallization.
  • Crude acetanilide was added in 500 ml beaker with 200 ml distilled water and used a bit of Ethanol to rinse the remaining compound.
  • The solution heated until got clear,  along with stirring.
  • When it all dissolved some activated charcoal added and kept the solution for just cooling it down.
  • Then the solution was filtered in suction flask.
  • Finally we got nearly pure acetanilide. 


4. Chemical reactions







5. Precautions

Acetic acid- acetic anhydride and aniline both are harmful and aniline is carcinogenic. 



6. Result

Acetanilide from aniline and acetic acid- acetic anhydride mixture is synthesized and the approximate yield is m g and melting point is T degree centigrade.



7. Lab Record PDF

The PDF file for the experiment is : 




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